Cancer
Cancer is a disease that starts in our cells. Our bodies are made up of millions of cells, grouped together to form tissues and organs such as muscles and bones, the lungs and the liver. Genes inside each cell order it to grow, work, reproduce and die. Normally, our cells obey these orders and we remain healthy. But sometimes the instructions get mixed up, causing the cells to form lumps or tumours, or spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
From The Canadian Cancer Society
There are several types of cancer. As well as general cancer information, we address three specific areas:
Additional types will be added; please check back for more information.
Information for Caregivers :
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Breast Cancer
Breast cancer starts in the cells of the breast. The breast tissue covers an area larger than just the breast. It extends up to the collarbone and from the armpit across to the breastbone in the centre of the chest. The breasts sit on the chest muscles that cover the ribs. Each breast is made of glands, ducts (thin tubes) and fatty tissue. Lobules are groups of glands that can produce milk. Milk flows from the lobules through a network of ducts to the nipple. The nipple is in the centre of a darker area of skin called the areola. Fatty tissue fills the spaces between the lobules and ducts and protects them.
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Regular self-breast exams coupled with regular clinical breast exams and mammograms can detect breast cancer at a stage when treatment is possible. In 2010, the five-year relative survival rate for female breast cancer in Canada is 87% (84% for men) which means that women diagnosed with breast cancer have an 87% likelihood of living for 5 years after their diagnosis.
From: What is Breast Cancer, Canadian Cancer Society, 2010
Information for Caregivers :
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Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a rare form of cancer almost exclusively caused by asbestos exposure. In the majority of cases, the cancer develops within the lining of the lungs, forming pleural mesothelioma. In such cases, a patient's ability to breathe may be significantly affected. The symptoms of mesothelioma can affect quality of life and prevent patients from carrying out everyday activities.
Mesothelioma patients need the support of a caregiver due to the heavy impact of the disease. The primary objective of a caregiver is to make sure the patient remains comfortable. The symptoms associated with mesothelioma can be quite painful and there are ways to reduce this pain. Activities such as meditation, yoga and other breathing exercises can be performed with the patient to help him or her feel more comfortable.
If aggressive treatment options are considered, there are several options available, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Mesothelioma clinical trials are also available for patients wishing to combat the cancer with experimental treatment options. The support caregivers provide throughout the challenging treatment process can be invaluable to patients undergoing physical and emotional stress.
Following treatment, a mesothelioma patient will heavily depend on a caregiver for physical and emotional support. In addition, chores such as cleaning and making meals will likely be performed by the caregiver. Regardless of the type of treatment a patient chooses to undergo, reducing stress and providing comfort should be the focus of the caregiver.
Caregivers often need to reach out for support as well, because caring for a cancer patient can be taxing on the body and mind. Reaching out to family, friends or professional help (such as Hospice or a grief counselor) can be important for caregivers to remain physically and emotionally healthy.
By: 2011, A. Kahan, National Awareness Coordinator, Mesothelioma Centre (www.Asbestos.com)
Information for Caregivers :
Please see Cancer and Provincial and Territorial Resources
Check with your provincial Worker's Compensation or Safety Board
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Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer starts in the cells of the prostate gland. The prostate is part of the male reproductive system. Its main function is to make part of the liquid (seminal fluid) that mixes with sperm from the testicles to make semen. Semen is ejaculated during sex.
The prostate is about the size of a large walnut. It is located close to the rectum just below the bladder at the base of the penis. The prostate surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine and semen through the penis.
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in Canadian men. It usually grows slowly and can often be cured or managed successfully.
From: What is Prostate Cancer ? Canadian Cancer Society, 2009
Information for Caregivers :